Release 2025.10.22

Created by: bashonly :ci skip all
[ie/idagio] Support URLs with country codes (#14655 )
2025-12-16 06:05:41 +07:00 · 2025-10-22 19:42:16 +00:00 · 2025-10-22 19:33:43 +00:00 · 2025-10-22 19:25:35 +00:00 · 2025-10-22 19:08:06 +00:00 · 2025-10-18 23:07:21 +02:00
60 changed files with 448 additions and 344 deletions
--- a/.github/FUNDING.yml
+++ b/.github/FUNDING.yml
@@ -10,4 +10,4 @@ liberapay: # Replace with a single Liberapay username
 issuehunt: # Replace with a single IssueHunt username
 otechie: # Replace with a single Otechie username

-custom: ['https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/blob/master/Collaborators.md#collaborators']
+custom: ['https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/blob/master/Maintainers.md#maintainers']
--- a/.github/workflows/build.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build.yml
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ jobs:
      UPDATE_TO: yt-dlp/yt-dlp@2025.09.05

    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
        with:
          fetch-depth: 0  # Needed for changelog

@@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ jobs:
      SKIP_ONEFILE_BUILD: ${{ (!matrix.onefile && '1') || '' }}

    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5

      - name: Cache requirements
        if: matrix.cache_requirements
@@ -318,7 +318,7 @@ jobs:
      UPDATE_TO: yt-dlp/yt-dlp@2025.09.05

    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
      # NB: Building universal2 does not work with python from actions/setup-python

      - name: Cache requirements
@@ -448,7 +448,7 @@ jobs:
      PYI_WHEEL: pyinstaller-${{ matrix.pyi_version }}-py3-none-${{ matrix.platform_tag }}.whl

    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
      - uses: actions/setup-python@v6
        with:
          python-version: ${{ matrix.python_version }}
@@ -536,7 +536,7 @@ jobs:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - name: Download artifacts
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v5
        with:
          path: artifact
          pattern: build-bin-*
@@ -558,35 +558,39 @@ jobs:
          cat >> _update_spec << EOF
          # This file is used for regulating self-update
          lock 2022.08.18.36 .+ Python 3\.6
-          lock 2023.11.16 (?!win_x86_exe).+ Python 3\.7
+          lock 2023.11.16 zip Python 3\.7
          lock 2023.11.16 win_x86_exe .+ Windows-(?:Vista|2008Server)
          lock 2024.10.22 py2exe .+
          lock 2024.10.22 zip Python 3\.8
          lock 2024.10.22 win(?:_x86)?_exe Python 3\.[78].+ Windows-(?:7-|2008ServerR2)
          lock 2025.08.11 darwin_legacy_exe .+
          lock 2025.08.27 linux_armv7l_exe .+
+          lock 2025.10.14 zip Python 3\.9
          lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp 2022.08.18.36 .+ Python 3\.6
-          lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp 2023.11.16 (?!win_x86_exe).+ Python 3\.7
+          lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp 2023.11.16 zip Python 3\.7
          lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp 2023.11.16 win_x86_exe .+ Windows-(?:Vista|2008Server)
          lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp 2024.10.22 py2exe .+
          lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp 2024.10.22 zip Python 3\.8
          lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp 2024.10.22 win(?:_x86)?_exe Python 3\.[78].+ Windows-(?:7-|2008ServerR2)
          lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp 2025.08.11 darwin_legacy_exe .+
          lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp 2025.08.27 linux_armv7l_exe .+
-          lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds 2023.11.15.232826 (?!win_x86_exe).+ Python 3\.7
+          lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp 2025.10.14 zip Python 3\.9
+          lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds 2023.11.15.232826 zip Python 3\.7
          lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds 2023.11.15.232826 win_x86_exe .+ Windows-(?:Vista|2008Server)
          lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds 2024.10.22.051025 py2exe .+
          lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds 2024.10.22.051025 zip Python 3\.8
          lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds 2024.10.22.051025 win(?:_x86)?_exe Python 3\.[78].+ Windows-(?:7-|2008ServerR2)
          lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds 2025.08.12.233030 darwin_legacy_exe .+
          lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds 2025.08.30.232839 linux_armv7l_exe .+
-          lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-master-builds 2023.11.15.232812 (?!win_x86_exe).+ Python 3\.7
+          lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds 2025.10.14.232845 zip Python 3\.9
+          lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-master-builds 2023.11.15.232812 zip Python 3\.7
          lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-master-builds 2023.11.15.232812 win_x86_exe .+ Windows-(?:Vista|2008Server)
          lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-master-builds 2024.10.22.045052 py2exe .+
          lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-master-builds 2024.10.22.060347 zip Python 3\.8
          lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-master-builds 2024.10.22.060347 win(?:_x86)?_exe Python 3\.[78].+ Windows-(?:7-|2008ServerR2)
          lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-master-builds 2025.08.12.232447 darwin_legacy_exe .+
          lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-master-builds 2025.09.05.212910 linux_armv7l_exe .+
+          lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-master-builds 2025.10.14.232330 zip Python 3\.9
          EOF

      - name: Sign checksum files
--- a/.github/workflows/codeql.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/codeql.yml
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ jobs:

    steps:
    - name: Checkout repository
-      uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      uses: actions/checkout@v5

    # Initializes the CodeQL tools for scanning.
    - name: Initialize CodeQL
--- a/.github/workflows/core.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/core.yml
@@ -36,12 +36,10 @@ jobs:
      fail-fast: false
      matrix:
        os: [ubuntu-latest]
-        # CPython 3.9 is in quick-test
-        python-version: ['3.10', '3.11', '3.12', '3.13', '3.14-dev', pypy-3.11]
+        # CPython 3.10 is in quick-test
+        python-version: ['3.11', '3.12', '3.13', '3.14', pypy-3.11]
        include:
        # atleast one of each CPython/PyPy tests must be in windows
-        - os: windows-latest
-          python-version: '3.9'
        - os: windows-latest
          python-version: '3.10'
        - os: windows-latest
@@ -51,11 +49,11 @@ jobs:
        - os: windows-latest
          python-version: '3.13'
        - os: windows-latest
-          python-version: '3.14-dev'
+          python-version: '3.14'
        - os: windows-latest
          python-version: pypy-3.11
    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v5
    - name: Set up Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}
      uses: actions/setup-python@v6
      with:
--- a/.github/workflows/download.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/download.yml
@@ -9,11 +9,11 @@ jobs:
    if: "contains(github.event.head_commit.message, 'ci run dl')"
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v5
    - name: Set up Python
      uses: actions/setup-python@v6
      with:
-        python-version: 3.9
+        python-version: '3.10'
    - name: Install test requirements
      run: python3 ./devscripts/install_deps.py --include dev
    - name: Run tests
@@ -28,15 +28,15 @@ jobs:
      fail-fast: true
      matrix:
        os: [ubuntu-latest]
-        python-version: ['3.10', '3.11', '3.12', '3.13', '3.14-dev', pypy-3.11]
+        python-version: ['3.11', '3.12', '3.13', '3.14', pypy-3.11]
        include:
        # atleast one of each CPython/PyPy tests must be in windows
        - os: windows-latest
-          python-version: '3.9'
+          python-version: '3.10'
        - os: windows-latest
          python-version: pypy-3.11
    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v5
    - name: Set up Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}
      uses: actions/setup-python@v6
      with:
--- a/.github/workflows/quick-test.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/quick-test.yml
@@ -9,11 +9,11 @@ jobs:
    if: "!contains(github.event.head_commit.message, 'ci skip all')"
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-    - name: Set up Python 3.9
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+    - name: Set up Python 3.10
      uses: actions/setup-python@v6
      with:
-        python-version: '3.9'
+        python-version: '3.10'
    - name: Install test requirements
      run: python3 ./devscripts/install_deps.py -o --include test
    - name: Run tests
@@ -26,10 +26,10 @@ jobs:
    if: "!contains(github.event.head_commit.message, 'ci skip all')"
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v5
    - uses: actions/setup-python@v6
      with:
-        python-version: '3.9'
+        python-version: '3.10'
    - name: Install dev dependencies
      run: python3 ./devscripts/install_deps.py -o --include static-analysis
    - name: Make lazy extractors
--- a/.github/workflows/release-master.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/release-master.yml
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ jobs:
      id-token: write  # mandatory for trusted publishing
    steps:
      - name: Download artifacts
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v5
        with:
          path: dist
          name: build-pypi
--- a/.github/workflows/release-nightly.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/release-nightly.yml
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ jobs:
    outputs:
      commit: ${{ steps.check_for_new_commits.outputs.commit }}
    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
        with:
          fetch-depth: 0
      - name: Check for new commits
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ jobs:
      id-token: write  # mandatory for trusted publishing
    steps:
      - name: Download artifacts
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v5
        with:
          path: dist
          name: build-pypi
--- a/.github/workflows/release.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/release.yml
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ jobs:
      head_sha: ${{ steps.get_target.outputs.head_sha }}

    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
        with:
          fetch-depth: 0

@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ jobs:
      id-token: write  # mandatory for trusted publishing

    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
        with:
          fetch-depth: 0
      - uses: actions/setup-python@v6
@@ -233,10 +233,10 @@ jobs:
      VERSION: ${{ needs.prepare.outputs.version }}
      HEAD_SHA: ${{ needs.prepare.outputs.head_sha }}
    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
        with:
          fetch-depth: 0
-      - uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+      - uses: actions/download-artifact@v5
        with:
          path: artifact
          pattern: build-*
@@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ jobs:
            "[![Discord](https://img.shields.io/discord/807245652072857610?color=blue&labelColor=555555&label=&logo=discord&style=for-the-badge)]" \
              "(https://discord.gg/H5MNcFW63r \"Discord\") " \
            "[![Donate](https://img.shields.io/badge/_-Donate-red.svg?logo=githubsponsors&labelColor=555555&style=for-the-badge)]" \
-              "(https://github.com/${BASE_REPO}/blob/master/Collaborators.md#collaborators \"Donate\") " \
+              "(https://github.com/${BASE_REPO}/blob/master/Maintainers.md#maintainers \"Donate\") " \
            "[![Documentation](https://img.shields.io/badge/-Docs-brightgreen.svg?style=for-the-badge&logo=GitBook&labelColor=555555)]" \
              "(https://github.com/${REPOSITORY}${DOCS_PATH}#readme \"Documentation\") " > ./RELEASE_NOTES
          if [[ "${TARGET_REPO}" == "${BASE_REPO}" ]]; then
--- a/.github/workflows/signature-tests.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/signature-tests.yml
@@ -25,9 +25,9 @@ jobs:
      fail-fast: false
      matrix:
        os: [ubuntu-latest, windows-latest]
-        python-version: ['3.9', '3.10', '3.11', '3.12', '3.13', '3.14-dev', pypy-3.11]
+        python-version: ['3.10', '3.11', '3.12', '3.13', '3.14', pypy-3.11]
    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v5
    - name: Set up Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}
      uses: actions/setup-python@v6
      with:
--- a/.github/workflows/test-workflows.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/test-workflows.yml
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ jobs:
    name: Check workflows
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
      - uses: actions/setup-python@v6
        with:
          python-version: "3.10"  # Keep this in sync with release.yml's prepare job
--- a/CONTRIBUTING.md
+++ b/CONTRIBUTING.md
@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ ## Adding support for a new site

    You can use `hatch fmt` to automatically fix problems. Rules that the linter/formatter enforces should not be disabled with `# noqa` unless a maintainer requests it. The only exception allowed is for old/printf-style string formatting in GraphQL query templates (use `# noqa: UP031`).

-1. Make sure your code works under all [Python](https://www.python.org/) versions supported by yt-dlp, namely CPython >=3.9 and PyPy >=3.11. Backward compatibility is not required for even older versions of Python.
+1. Make sure your code works under all [Python](https://www.python.org/) versions supported by yt-dlp, namely CPython >=3.10 and PyPy >=3.11. Backward compatibility is not required for even older versions of Python.
 1. When the tests pass, [add](https://git-scm.com/docs/git-add) the new files, [commit](https://git-scm.com/docs/git-commit) them and [push](https://git-scm.com/docs/git-push) the result, like this:

    ```shell
--- a/12
+++ b/12
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 pukkandan (owner)
-shirt-dev (collaborator)
-coletdjnz/colethedj (collaborator)
-Ashish0804 (collaborator)
-bashonly (collaborator)
-Grub4K (collaborator)
-seproDev (collaborator)
+shirt-dev (maintainer)
+coletdjnz (maintainer)
+Ashish0804 (maintainer)
+bashonly (maintainer)
+Grub4K (maintainer)
+seproDev (maintainer)
 h-h-h-h
 pauldubois98
 nixxo
--- a/Changelog.md
+++ b/Changelog.md
@@ -4,6 +4,30 @@ # Changelog
 # To create a release, dispatch the https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/actions/workflows/release.yml workflow on master
 -->

+### 2025.10.22
+
+#### Important changes
+- **A stopgap release with a *TEMPORARY partial* fix for YouTube support**
+Some formats may still be unavailable, especially if cookies are passed to yt-dlp. The ***NEXT*** release, expected very soon, **will require an external JS runtime (e.g. Deno)** in order for YouTube downloads to work properly. [Read more](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/14404)
+- **The minimum *required* Python version has been raised to 3.10**
+Python 3.9 has reached its end-of-life as of October 2025, and yt-dlp has now removed support for it. [Read more](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/13858)
+
+#### Core changes
+- [Remove Python 3.9 support](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/4e6a693057cfaf1ce1f07b019ed3bfce2bf936f6) ([#13861](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/13861)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+
+#### Extractor changes
+- **appleconnect**: [Rework extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/78748b506f0dca8236ac0045ed7f72f7cf334b62) ([#13229](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/13229)) by [doe1080](https://github.com/doe1080)
+- **idagio**: [Support URLs with country codes](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/c9356f308dd3c5f9f494cb40ed14c5df017b4fe0) ([#14655](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/14655)) by [robin-mu](https://github.com/robin-mu)
+- **tvnoe**: [Rework Extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/fe5ae54a7b08ebe679f03afdeafbe1cee5784d5b) ([#13369](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/13369)) by [doe1080](https://github.com/doe1080)
+- **youtube**: [Use temporary player client workaround](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/2c9091e355a7ba5d1edb69796ecdca48199b77fb) ([#14693](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/14693)) by [gamer191](https://github.com/gamer191)
+
+#### Misc. changes
+- **cleanup**
+    - Miscellaneous
+        - [c7bda21](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/c7bda2192aa24afce40fdbbbe056d269aa3b2872) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+        - [de7b3c0](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/de7b3c0705022cb777c5b4b7f0c69c59ad6ff538) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **docs**: [Update list of maintainers](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/dfc0a84c192a7357dd1768cc345d590253a14fe5) ([#14148](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/14148)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [coletdjnz](https://github.com/coletdjnz), [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+
 ### 2025.10.14

 #### Core changes
--- a/Collaborators.md
+++ b/Collaborators.md
@@ -1,59 +1,34 @@
-# Collaborators
+# Maintainers

-This is a list of the collaborators of the project and their major contributions. See the [Changelog](Changelog.md) for more details.
+This file lists the maintainers of yt-dlp and their major contributions. See the [Changelog](Changelog.md) for more details.

 You can also find lists of all [contributors of yt-dlp](CONTRIBUTORS) and [authors of youtube-dl](https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/blob/master/AUTHORS)

+## Core Maintainers

-## [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+Core Maintainers are responsible for reviewing and merging contributions, publishing releases, and steering the overall direction of the project.

-[![ko-fi](https://img.shields.io/badge/_-Ko--fi-red.svg?logo=kofi&labelColor=555555&style=for-the-badge)](https://ko-fi.com/pukkandan)
-[![gh-sponsor](https://img.shields.io/badge/_-Github-white.svg?logo=github&labelColor=555555&style=for-the-badge)](https://github.com/sponsors/pukkandan)
+**You can contact the core maintainers via `maintainers@yt-dlp.org`.**

-* Owner of the fork
-
-
-
-## [shirt](https://github.com/shirt-dev)
-
-[![ko-fi](https://img.shields.io/badge/_-Ko--fi-red.svg?logo=kofi&labelColor=555555&style=for-the-badge)](https://ko-fi.com/shirt)
-
-* Multithreading (`-N`) and aria2c support for fragment downloads
-* Support for media initialization and discontinuity in HLS
-* The self-updater (`-U`)
-
-
-
-## [coletdjnz](https://github.com/coletdjnz)
+### [coletdjnz](https://github.com/coletdjnz)

 [![gh-sponsor](https://img.shields.io/badge/_-Github-white.svg?logo=github&labelColor=555555&style=for-the-badge)](https://github.com/sponsors/coletdjnz)

-* Improved plugin architecture
-* Rewrote the networking infrastructure, implemented support for `requests`
-* YouTube improvements including: age-gate bypass, private playlists, multiple-clients (to avoid throttling) and a lot of under-the-hood improvements
-* Added support for new websites YoutubeWebArchive, MainStreaming, PRX, nzherald, Mediaklikk, StarTV etc
-* Improved/fixed support for Patreon, panopto, gfycat, itv, pbs, SouthParkDE etc
+* Overhauled the networking stack and implemented support for `requests` and `curl_cffi` (`--impersonate`) HTTP clients
+* Reworked the plugin architecture to support installing plugins across all yt-dlp distributions (exe, pip, etc.)
+* Maintains support for YouTube
+* Added and fixed support for various other sites
+
+### [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+
+* Rewrote and maintains the build/release workflows and the self-updater: executables, automated/nightly/master releases, `--update-to`
+* Overhauled external downloader cookie handling
+* Added `--cookies-from-browser` support for Firefox containers
+* Overhauled and maintains support for sites like Youtube, Vimeo, Twitter, TikTok, etc
+* Added support for sites like Dacast, Kick, Loom, SproutVideo, Triller, Weverse, etc


-
-## [Ashish0804](https://github.com/Ashish0804) <sub><sup>[Inactive]</sup></sub>
-
-[![ko-fi](https://img.shields.io/badge/_-Ko--fi-red.svg?logo=kofi&labelColor=555555&style=for-the-badge)](https://ko-fi.com/ashish0804)
-
-* Added support for new websites BiliIntl, DiscoveryPlusIndia, OlympicsReplay, PlanetMarathi, ShemarooMe, Utreon, Zee5 etc
-* Added playlist/series downloads for Hotstar, ParamountPlus, Rumble, SonyLIV, Trovo, TubiTv, Voot etc
-* Improved/fixed support for HiDive, HotStar, Hungama, LBRY, LinkedInLearning, Mxplayer, SonyLiv, TV2, Vimeo, VLive etc
-
-
-## [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
-
-* `--update-to`, self-updater rewrite, automated/nightly/master releases
-* `--cookies-from-browser` support for Firefox containers, external downloader cookie handling overhaul
-* Added support for new websites like Dacast, Kick, NBCStations, Triller, VideoKen, Weverse, WrestleUniverse etc
-* Improved/fixed support for Anvato, Brightcove, Reddit, SlidesLive, TikTok, Twitter, Vimeo etc
-
-
-## [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+### [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)

 [![gh-sponsor](https://img.shields.io/badge/_-Github-white.svg?logo=github&labelColor=555555&style=for-the-badge)](https://github.com/sponsors/Grub4K) [![ko-fi](https://img.shields.io/badge/_-Ko--fi-red.svg?logo=kofi&labelColor=555555&style=for-the-badge)](https://ko-fi.com/Grub4K)

@@ -63,8 +38,48 @@ ## [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
 * Improved/fixed/added Bundestag, crunchyroll, pr0gramm, Twitter, WrestleUniverse etc


-## [sepro](https://github.com/seproDev)
+### [sepro](https://github.com/seproDev)

 * UX improvements: Warn when ffmpeg is missing, warn when double-clicking exe
 * Code cleanup: Remove dead extractors, mark extractors as broken, enable/apply ruff rules
 * Improved/fixed/added ArdMediathek, DRTV, Floatplane, MagentaMusik, Naver, Nebula, OnDemandKorea, Vbox7 etc
+
+
+## Inactive Core Maintainers
+
+### [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+
+[![ko-fi](https://img.shields.io/badge/_-Ko--fi-red.svg?logo=kofi&labelColor=555555&style=for-the-badge)](https://ko-fi.com/pukkandan)
+[![gh-sponsor](https://img.shields.io/badge/_-Github-white.svg?logo=github&labelColor=555555&style=for-the-badge)](https://github.com/sponsors/pukkandan)
+
+* Founder of the fork
+* Lead Maintainer from 2021-2024
+
+
+### [shirt](https://github.com/shirt-dev)
+
+[![ko-fi](https://img.shields.io/badge/_-Ko--fi-red.svg?logo=kofi&labelColor=555555&style=for-the-badge)](https://ko-fi.com/shirt)
+
+* Multithreading (`-N`) and aria2c support for fragment downloads
+* Support for media initialization and discontinuity in HLS
+* The self-updater (`-U`)
+
+
+### [Ashish0804](https://github.com/Ashish0804)
+
+[![ko-fi](https://img.shields.io/badge/_-Ko--fi-red.svg?logo=kofi&labelColor=555555&style=for-the-badge)](https://ko-fi.com/ashish0804)
+
+* Added support for new websites BiliIntl, DiscoveryPlusIndia, OlympicsReplay, PlanetMarathi, ShemarooMe, Utreon, Zee5 etc
+* Added playlist/series downloads for Hotstar, ParamountPlus, Rumble, SonyLIV, Trovo, TubiTv, Voot etc
+* Improved/fixed support for HiDive, HotStar, Hungama, LBRY, LinkedInLearning, Mxplayer, SonyLiv, TV2, Vimeo, VLive etc
+
+## Triage Maintainers
+
+Triage Maintainers are frequent contributors who can manage issues and pull requests.
+
+- [gamer191](https://github.com/gamer191)
+- [garret1317](https://github.com/garret1317)
+- [pzhlkj6612](https://github.com/pzhlkj6612)
+- [DTrombett](https://github.com/dtrombett)
+- [doe1080](https://github.com/doe1080)
+- [grqz](https://github.com/grqz)
--- a/2
+++ b/2
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ yt-dlp.tar.gz: all
 		--exclude '.git' \
 		-- \
 		README.md supportedsites.md Changelog.md LICENSE \
-		CONTRIBUTING.md Collaborators.md CONTRIBUTORS AUTHORS \
+		CONTRIBUTING.md Maintainers.md CONTRIBUTORS AUTHORS \
 		Makefile yt-dlp.1 README.txt completions .gitignore \
 		yt-dlp yt_dlp pyproject.toml devscripts test

--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@

 [![Release version](https://img.shields.io/github/v/release/yt-dlp/yt-dlp?color=brightgreen&label=Download&style=for-the-badge)](#installation "Installation")
 [![PyPI](https://img.shields.io/badge/-PyPI-blue.svg?logo=pypi&labelColor=555555&style=for-the-badge)](https://pypi.org/project/yt-dlp "PyPI")
-[![Donate](https://img.shields.io/badge/_-Donate-red.svg?logo=githubsponsors&labelColor=555555&style=for-the-badge)](Collaborators.md#collaborators "Donate")
+[![Donate](https://img.shields.io/badge/_-Donate-red.svg?logo=githubsponsors&labelColor=555555&style=for-the-badge)](Maintainers.md#maintainers "Donate")
 [![Discord](https://img.shields.io/discord/807245652072857610?color=blue&labelColor=555555&label=&logo=discord&style=for-the-badge)](https://discord.gg/H5MNcFW63r "Discord")
 [![Supported Sites](https://img.shields.io/badge/-Supported_Sites-brightgreen.svg?style=for-the-badge)](supportedsites.md "Supported Sites")
 [![License: Unlicense](https://img.shields.io/badge/-Unlicense-blue.svg?style=for-the-badge)](LICENSE "License")
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ # To install nightly with pip:
 You can suppress this warning by adding `--no-update` to your command or configuration file.

 ## DEPENDENCIES
-Python versions 3.9+ (CPython) and 3.11+ (PyPy) are supported. Other versions and implementations may or may not work correctly.
+Python versions 3.10+ (CPython) and 3.11+ (PyPy) are supported. Other versions and implementations may or may not work correctly.

 <!-- Python 3.5+ uses VC++14 and it is already embedded in the binary created
 <!x-- https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=26999 --x>
@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ ### Standalone PyInstaller Builds
 **Important**: Running `pyinstaller` directly **instead of** using `python -m bundle.pyinstaller` is **not** officially supported. This may or may not work correctly.

 ### Platform-independent Binary (UNIX)
-You will need the build tools `python` (3.9+), `zip`, `make` (GNU), `pandoc`\* and `pytest`\*.
+You will need the build tools `python` (3.10+), `zip`, `make` (GNU), `pandoc`\* and `pytest`\*.

 After installing these, simply run `make`.

@@ -1814,12 +1814,12 @@ # EXTRACTOR ARGUMENTS
 #### youtube
 * `lang`: Prefer translated metadata (`title`, `description` etc) of this language code (case-sensitive). By default, the video primary language metadata is preferred, with a fallback to `en` translated. See [youtube/_base.py](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/blob/415b4c9f955b1a0391204bd24a7132590e7b3bdb/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube/_base.py#L402-L409) for the list of supported content language codes
 * `skip`: One or more of `hls`, `dash` or `translated_subs` to skip extraction of the m3u8 manifests, dash manifests and [auto-translated subtitles](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/4090#issuecomment-1158102032) respectively
-* `player_client`: Clients to extract video data from. The currently available clients are `web`, `web_safari`, `web_embedded`, `web_music`, `web_creator`, `mweb`, `ios`, `android`, `android_vr`, `tv`, `tv_simply` and `tv_embedded`. By default, `tv,web_safari,web` is used, and `tv,web_creator,web` is used with premium accounts. The `web_music` client is added for `music.youtube.com` URLs when logged-in cookies are used. The `web_embedded` client is added for age-restricted videos but only works if the video is embeddable. The `tv_embedded` and `web_creator` clients are added for age-restricted videos if account age-verification is required. Some clients, such as `web` and `web_music`, require a `po_token` for their formats to be downloadable. Some clients, such as `web_creator`, will only work with authentication. Not all clients support authentication via cookies. You can use `default` for the default clients, or you can use `all` for all clients (not recommended). You can prefix a client with `-` to exclude it, e.g. `youtube:player_client=default,-ios`
+* `player_client`: Clients to extract video data from. The currently available clients are `web`, `web_safari`, `web_embedded`, `web_music`, `web_creator`, `mweb`, `ios`, `android`, `android_sdkless`, `android_vr`, `tv`, `tv_simply` and `tv_embedded`. By default, `android_sdkless,tv,web_safari,web` is used. `android_sdkless` is omitted if cookies are passed. If premium cookies are passed, `tv,web_creator,web_safari,web` is used instead. The `web_music` client is added for `music.youtube.com` URLs when logged-in cookies are used. The `web_embedded` client is added for age-restricted videos but only works if the video is embeddable. The `tv_embedded` and `web_creator` clients are added for age-restricted videos if account age-verification is required. Some clients, such as `web` and `web_music`, require a `po_token` for their formats to be downloadable. Some clients, such as `web_creator`, will only work with authentication. Not all clients support authentication via cookies. You can use `default` for the default clients, or you can use `all` for all clients (not recommended). You can prefix a client with `-` to exclude it, e.g. `youtube:player_client=default,-ios`
 * `player_skip`: Skip some network requests that are generally needed for robust extraction. One or more of `configs` (skip client configs), `webpage` (skip initial webpage), `js` (skip js player), `initial_data` (skip initial data/next ep request). While these options can help reduce the number of requests needed or avoid some rate-limiting, they could cause issues such as missing formats or metadata.  See [#860](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/pull/860) and [#12826](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12826) for more details
 * `webpage_skip`: Skip extraction of embedded webpage data. One or both of `player_response`, `initial_data`. These options are for testing purposes and don't skip any network requests
 * `player_params`: YouTube player parameters to use for player requests. Will overwrite any default ones set by yt-dlp.
 * `player_js_variant`: The player javascript variant to use for n/sig deciphering. The known variants are: `main`, `tcc`, `tce`, `es5`, `es6`, `tv`, `tv_es6`, `phone`, `tablet`. The default is `main`, and the others are for debugging purposes. You can use `actual` to go with what is prescribed by the site
-* `player_js_version`: The player javascript version to use for n/sig deciphering, in the format of `signature_timestamp@hash`. Currently, the default is to force `20348@0004de42`. You can use `actual` to go with what is prescribed by the site
+* `player_js_version`: The player javascript version to use for n/sig deciphering, in the format of `signature_timestamp@hash` (e.g. `20348@0004de42`). The default is to use what is prescribed by the site, and can be selected with `actual`
 * `comment_sort`: `top` or `new` (default) - choose comment sorting mode (on YouTube's side)
 * `max_comments`: Limit the amount of comments to gather. Comma-separated list of integers representing `max-comments,max-parents,max-replies,max-replies-per-thread`. Default is `all,all,all,all`
    * E.g. `all,all,1000,10` will get a maximum of 1000 replies total, with up to 10 replies per thread. `1000,all,100` will get a maximum of 1000 comments, with a maximum of 100 replies total
@@ -2255,7 +2255,7 @@ ### Differences in default behavior

 Some of yt-dlp's default options are different from that of youtube-dl and youtube-dlc:

-* yt-dlp supports only [Python 3.9+](## "Windows 8"), and will remove support for more versions as they [become EOL](https://devguide.python.org/versions/#python-release-cycle); while [youtube-dl still supports Python 2.6+ and 3.2+](https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/30568#issue-1118238743)
+* yt-dlp supports only [Python 3.10+](## "Windows 8"), and will remove support for more versions as they [become EOL](https://devguide.python.org/versions/#python-release-cycle); while [youtube-dl still supports Python 2.6+ and 3.2+](https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/30568#issue-1118238743)
 * The options `--auto-number` (`-A`), `--title` (`-t`) and `--literal` (`-l`), no longer work. See [removed options](#Removed) for details
 * `avconv` is not supported as an alternative to `ffmpeg`
 * yt-dlp stores config files in slightly different locations to youtube-dl. See [CONFIGURATION](#configuration) for a list of correct locations
--- a/devscripts/changelog_override.json
+++ b/devscripts/changelog_override.json
@@ -298,5 +298,15 @@
        "action": "add",
        "when": "08d78996831bd8e1e3c2592d740c3def00bbf548",
        "short": "[priority] **Several options have been deprecated**\nIn order to simplify the codebase and reduce maintenance burden, various options have been deprecated. Please remove them from your commands/configurations. [Read more](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/14198)"
+    },
+    {
+        "action": "add",
+        "when": "4e6a693057cfaf1ce1f07b019ed3bfce2bf936f6",
+        "short": "[priority] **The minimum *required* Python version has been raised to 3.10**\nPython 3.9 has reached its end-of-life as of October 2025, and yt-dlp has now removed support for it. [Read more](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/13858)"
+    },
+    {
+        "action": "add",
+        "when": "2c9091e355a7ba5d1edb69796ecdca48199b77fb",
+        "short": "[priority] **A stopgap release with a *TEMPORARY partial* fix for YouTube support**\nSome formats may still be unavailable, especially if cookies are passed to yt-dlp. The ***NEXT*** release, expected very soon, **will require an external JS runtime (e.g. Deno)** in order for YouTube downloads to work properly. [Read more](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/14404)"
    }
 ]
--- a/devscripts/make_changelog.py
+++ b/devscripts/make_changelog.py
@@ -373,7 +373,7 @@ def groups(self):
            issues = [issue.strip()[1:] for issue in issues.split(',')] if issues else []

            if prefix:
-                groups, details, sub_details = zip(*map(self.details_from_prefix, prefix.split(',')))
+                groups, details, sub_details = zip(*map(self.details_from_prefix, prefix.split(',')), strict=True)
                group = next(iter(filter(None, groups)), None)
                details = ', '.join(unique(details))
                sub_details = list(itertools.chain.from_iterable(sub_details))
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -4,8 +4,11 @@ build-backend = "hatchling.build"

 [project]
 name = "yt-dlp"
-maintainers = [
+authors = [
    {name = "pukkandan", email = "pukkandan.ytdlp@gmail.com"},
+]
+maintainers = [
+    {email = "maintainers@yt-dlp.org"},
    {name = "Grub4K", email = "contact@grub4k.xyz"},
    {name = "bashonly", email = "bashonly@protonmail.com"},
    {name = "coletdjnz", email = "coletdjnz@protonmail.com"},
@@ -13,7 +16,7 @@ maintainers = [
 ]
 description = "A feature-rich command-line audio/video downloader"
 readme = "README.md"
-requires-python = ">=3.9"
+requires-python = ">=3.10"
 keywords = [
    "cli",
    "downloader",
@@ -30,7 +33,6 @@ classifiers = [
    "Environment :: Console",
    "Programming Language :: Python",
    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only",
-    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9",
    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10",
    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11",
    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12",
@@ -76,7 +78,7 @@ dev = [
 ]
 static-analysis = [
    "autopep8~=2.0",
-    "ruff~=0.13.0",
+    "ruff~=0.14.0",
 ]
 test = [
    "pytest~=8.1",
@@ -90,7 +92,7 @@ pyinstaller = [
 Documentation = "https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp#readme"
 Repository = "https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp"
 Tracker = "https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues"
-Funding = "https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/blob/master/Collaborators.md#collaborators"
+Funding = "https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/blob/master/Maintainers.md#maintainers"

 [project.scripts]
 yt-dlp = "yt_dlp:main"
@@ -168,7 +170,6 @@ run-cov = "echo Code coverage not implemented && exit 1"

 [[tool.hatch.envs.hatch-test.matrix]]
 python = [
-    "3.9",
    "3.10",
    "3.11",
    "3.12",
--- a/supportedsites.md
+++ b/supportedsites.md
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ # Supported sites
 - **aol.com**: Yahoo screen and movies (**Currently broken**)
 - **APA**
 - **Aparat**
- - **AppleConnect**
+ - **apple:music:connect**: Apple Music Connect
 - **AppleDaily**: 臺灣蘋果日報
 - **ApplePodcasts**
 - **appletrailers**
@@ -1541,7 +1541,7 @@ # Supported sites
 - **tvigle**: Интернет-телевидение Tvigle.ru
 - **TVIPlayer**
 - **TVN24**: (**Currently broken**)
- - **TVNoe**: (**Currently broken**)
+ - **tvnoe**: Televize Noe
 - **tvopengr:embed**: tvopen.gr embedded videos
 - **tvopengr:watch**: tvopen.gr (and ethnos.gr) videos
 - **tvp**: Telewizja Polska
--- a/test/helper.py
+++ b/test/helper.py
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ def _iter_differences(got, expected, field):
            yield field, f'expected length of {len(expected)}, got {len(got)}'
            return

-        for index, (got_val, expected_val) in enumerate(zip(got, expected)):
+        for index, (got_val, expected_val) in enumerate(zip(got, expected, strict=True)):
            field_name = str(index) if field is None else f'{field}.{index}'
            yield from _iter_differences(got_val, expected_val, field_name)
        return
--- a/test/test_YoutubeDL.py
+++ b/test/test_YoutubeDL.py
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@

 import contextlib
 import copy
+import itertools
 import json

 from test.helper import FakeYDL, assertRegexpMatches, try_rm
@@ -414,7 +415,7 @@ def format_info(f_id):
        downloaded_ids = [info['format_id'] for info in ydl.downloaded_info_dicts]
        self.assertEqual(downloaded_ids, ['248+141'])

-        for f1, f2 in zip(formats_order, formats_order[1:]):
+        for f1, f2 in itertools.pairwise(formats_order):
            info_dict = _make_result([f1, f2], extractor='youtube')
            ydl = YDL({'format': 'best/bestvideo'})
            ydl.sort_formats(info_dict)
@@ -749,7 +750,7 @@ def test(tmpl, expected, *, info=None, **params):

            if not isinstance(expected, (list, tuple)):
                expected = (expected, expected)
-            for (name, got), expect in zip((('outtmpl', out), ('filename', fname)), expected):
+            for (name, got), expect in zip((('outtmpl', out), ('filename', fname)), expected, strict=True):
                if callable(expect):
                    self.assertTrue(expect(got), f'Wrong {name} from {tmpl}')
                elif expect is not None:
@@ -1147,7 +1148,7 @@ def test_selection(params, expected_ids, evaluate_all=False):
                entries = func(evaluated)
                results = [(v['playlist_autonumber'] - 1, (int(v['id']), v['playlist_index']))
                           for v in get_downloaded_info_dicts(params, entries)]
-                self.assertEqual(results, list(enumerate(zip(expected_ids, expected_ids))), f'Entries of {name} for {params}')
+                self.assertEqual(results, list(enumerate(zip(expected_ids, expected_ids, strict=True))), f'Entries of {name} for {params}')
                self.assertEqual(sorted(evaluated), expected_eval, f'Evaluation of {name} for {params}')

        test_selection({}, INDICES)
--- a/test/test_postprocessors.py
+++ b/test/test_postprocessors.py
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ def _chapters(self, ends, titles):
        self.assertEqual(len(ends), len(titles))
        start = 0
        chapters = []
-        for e, t in zip(ends, titles):
+        for e, t in zip(ends, titles, strict=True):
            chapters.append(self._chapter(start, e, t))
            start = e
        return chapters
--- a/test/test_traversal.py
+++ b/test/test_traversal.py
@@ -417,7 +417,7 @@ def test_traversal_unbranching(self):

    def test_traversal_morsel(self):
        morsel = http.cookies.Morsel()
-        values = dict(zip(morsel, 'abcdefghijklmnop'))
+        values = dict(zip(morsel, 'abcdefghijklmnop', strict=False))
        morsel.set('item_key', 'item_value', 'coded_value')
        morsel.update(values)
        values['key'] = 'item_key'
--- a/test/test_utils.py
+++ b/test/test_utils.py
@@ -1863,7 +1863,7 @@ def test_get_elements_text_and_html_by_attribute(self):

        self.assertEqual(
            list(get_elements_text_and_html_by_attribute('class', 'foo bar', html)),
-            list(zip(['nice', 'also nice'], self.GET_ELEMENTS_BY_CLASS_RES)))
+            list(zip(['nice', 'also nice'], self.GET_ELEMENTS_BY_CLASS_RES, strict=True)))
        self.assertEqual(list(get_elements_text_and_html_by_attribute('class', 'foo', html)), [])
        self.assertEqual(list(get_elements_text_and_html_by_attribute('class', 'no-such-foo', html)), [])

--- a/yt_dlp/YoutubeDL.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/YoutubeDL.py
@@ -2007,7 +2007,7 @@ def __process_playlist(self, ie_result, download):
        else:
            entries = resolved_entries = list(entries)
            n_entries = len(resolved_entries)
-            ie_result['requested_entries'], ie_result['entries'] = tuple(zip(*resolved_entries)) or ([], [])
+            ie_result['requested_entries'], ie_result['entries'] = tuple(zip(*resolved_entries, strict=True)) or ([], [])
        if not ie_result.get('playlist_count'):
            # Better to do this after potentially exhausting entries
            ie_result['playlist_count'] = all_entries.get_full_count()
@@ -2785,7 +2785,7 @@ def sanitize_numeric_fields(info):

        dummy_chapter = {'end_time': 0, 'start_time': info_dict.get('duration')}
        for idx, (prev, current, next_) in enumerate(zip(
-                (dummy_chapter, *chapters), chapters, (*chapters[1:], dummy_chapter)), 1):
+                (dummy_chapter, *chapters), chapters, (*chapters[1:], dummy_chapter), strict=False), 1):
            if current.get('start_time') is None:
                current['start_time'] = prev.get('end_time')
            if not current.get('end_time'):
@@ -3370,7 +3370,7 @@ def _write_link_file(link_type):
                def existing_video_file(*filepaths):
                    ext = info_dict.get('ext')
                    converted = lambda file: replace_extension(file, self.params.get('final_ext') or ext, ext)
-                    file = self.existing_file(itertools.chain(*zip(map(converted, filepaths), filepaths)),
+                    file = self.existing_file(itertools.chain(*zip(map(converted, filepaths), filepaths, strict=True)),
                                              default_overwrite=False)
                    if file:
                        info_dict['ext'] = os.path.splitext(file)[1][1:]
@@ -3956,7 +3956,7 @@ def render_thumbnails_table(self, info_dict):

    def render_subtitles_table(self, video_id, subtitles):
        def _row(lang, formats):
-            exts, names = zip(*((f['ext'], f.get('name') or 'unknown') for f in reversed(formats)))
+            exts, names = zip(*((f['ext'], f.get('name') or 'unknown') for f in reversed(formats)), strict=True)
            if len(set(names)) == 1:
                names = [] if names[0] == 'unknown' else names[:1]
            return [lang, ', '.join(names), ', '.join(exts)]
@@ -4112,8 +4112,7 @@ def cookiejar(self):
                self.params.get('cookiefile'), self.params.get('cookiesfrombrowser'), self)
        except CookieLoadError as error:
            cause = error.__context__
-            # compat: <=py3.9: `traceback.format_exception` has a different signature
-            self.report_error(str(cause), tb=''.join(traceback.format_exception(None, cause, cause.__traceback__)))
+            self.report_error(str(cause), tb=''.join(traceback.format_exception(cause)))
            raise

    @property
--- a/yt_dlp/init.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/init.py
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 import sys

-if sys.version_info < (3, 9):
+if sys.version_info < (3, 10):
    raise ImportError(
-        f'You are using an unsupported version of Python. Only Python versions 3.9 and above are supported by yt-dlp')  # noqa: F541
+        f'You are using an unsupported version of Python. Only Python versions 3.10 and above are supported by yt-dlp')  # noqa: F541

 __license__ = 'The Unlicense'

@@ -974,13 +974,8 @@ def _real_main(argv=None):

        try:
            updater = Updater(ydl, opts.update_self)
-            if opts.update_self and updater.update() and actual_use:
-                if updater.cmd:
-                    return updater.restart()
-                # This code is reachable only for zip variant in py < 3.10
-                # It makes sense to exit here, but the old behavior is to continue
-                ydl.report_warning('Restart yt-dlp to use the updated version')
-                # return 100, 'ERROR: The program must exit for the update to complete'
+            if opts.update_self and updater.update() and actual_use and updater.cmd:
+                return updater.restart()
        except Exception:
            traceback.print_exc()
            ydl._download_retcode = 100
--- a/yt_dlp/aes.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/aes.py
@@ -447,7 +447,7 @@ def key_schedule_core(data, rcon_iteration):


 def xor(data1, data2):
-    return [x ^ y for x, y in zip(data1, data2)]
+    return [x ^ y for x, y in zip(data1, data2, strict=False)]


 def iter_mix_columns(data, matrix):
--- a/yt_dlp/compat/types.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/compat/types.py
@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-# flake8: noqa: F405
-from types import *  # noqa: F403
-
-from .compat_utils import passthrough_module
-
-passthrough_module(__name__, 'types')
-del passthrough_module
-
-try:
-    # NB: pypy has builtin NoneType, so checking NameError won't work
-    from types import NoneType  # >= 3.10
-except ImportError:
-    NoneType = type(None)
--- a/yt_dlp/compat/urllib/request.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/compat/urllib/request.py
@@ -22,15 +22,11 @@

    def getproxies_registry_patched():
        proxies = getproxies_registry()
-        if (
-            sys.version_info >= (3, 10, 5)  # https://docs.python.org/3.10/whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-10-5-final
-            or (3, 9, 13) <= sys.version_info < (3, 10)  # https://docs.python.org/3.9/whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-9-13-final
-        ):
-            return proxies

-        for scheme in ('https', 'ftp'):
-            if scheme in proxies and proxies[scheme].startswith(f'{scheme}://'):
-                proxies[scheme] = 'http' + proxies[scheme][len(scheme):]
+        if sys.version_info < (3, 10, 5):  # https://docs.python.org/3.10/whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-10-5-final
+            for scheme in ('https', 'ftp'):
+                if scheme in proxies and proxies[scheme].startswith(f'{scheme}://'):
+                    proxies[scheme] = 'http' + proxies[scheme][len(scheme):]

        return proxies

--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/appleconnect.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/appleconnect.py
@@ -1,47 +1,125 @@
+import time
+
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..utils import ExtractorError, str_to_int
+from ..utils import (
+    ExtractorError,
+    extract_attributes,
+    float_or_none,
+    jwt_decode_hs256,
+    jwt_encode,
+    parse_resolution,
+    qualities,
+    unified_strdate,
+    update_url,
+    url_or_none,
+    urljoin,
+)
+from ..utils.traversal import (
+    find_element,
+    require,
+    traverse_obj,
+)


 class AppleConnectIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://itunes\.apple\.com/\w{0,2}/?post/(?:id)?sa\.(?P<id>[\w-]+)'
+    IE_NAME = 'apple:music:connect'
+    IE_DESC = 'Apple Music Connect'
+
+    _BASE_URL = 'https://music.apple.com'
+    _QUALITIES = {
+        'provisionalUploadVideo': None,
+        'sdVideo': 480,
+        'sdVideoWithPlusAudio': 480,
+        'sd480pVideo': 480,
+        '720pHdVideo': 720,
+        '1080pHdVideo': 1080,
+    }
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://music\.apple\.com/[\w-]+/post/(?P<id>\d+)'
    _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://itunes.apple.com/us/post/idsa.4ab17a39-2720-11e5-96c5-a5b38f6c42d3',
-        'md5': 'c1d41f72c8bcaf222e089434619316e4',
+        'url': 'https://music.apple.com/us/post/1018290019',
        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '4ab17a39-2720-11e5-96c5-a5b38f6c42d3',
+            'id': '1018290019',
            'ext': 'm4v',
            'title': 'Energy',
-            'uploader': 'Drake',
-            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg$',
+            'duration': 177.911,
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://.+\.png',
            'upload_date': '20150710',
-            'timestamp': 1436545535,
+            'uploader': 'Drake',
        },
    }, {
-        'url': 'https://itunes.apple.com/us/post/sa.0fe0229f-2457-11e5-9f40-1bb645f2d5d9',
-        'only_matching': True,
+        'url': 'https://music.apple.com/us/post/1016746627',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '1016746627',
+            'ext': 'm4v',
+            'title': 'Body Shop (Madonna) - Chellous Lima (Acoustic Cover)',
+            'duration': 210.278,
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://.+\.png',
+            'upload_date': '20150706',
+            'uploader': 'Chellous Lima',
+        },
    }]

+    _jwt = None
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _jwt_is_expired(token):
+        return jwt_decode_hs256(token)['exp'] - time.time() < 120
+
+    def _get_token(self, webpage, video_id):
+        if self._jwt and not self._jwt_is_expired(self._jwt):
+            return self._jwt
+
+        js_url = traverse_obj(webpage, (
+            {find_element(tag='script', attr='crossorigin', value='', html=True)},
+            {extract_attributes}, 'src', {urljoin(self._BASE_URL)}, {require('JS URL')}))
+        js = self._download_webpage(
+            js_url, video_id, 'Downloading token JS', 'Unable to download token JS')
+
+        header = jwt_encode({}, '', headers={'alg': 'ES256', 'kid': 'WebPlayKid'}).split('.')[0]
+        self._jwt = self._search_regex(
+            fr'(["\'])(?P<jwt>{header}(?:\.[\w-]+){{2}})\1', js, 'JSON Web Token', group='jwt')
+        if self._jwt_is_expired(self._jwt):
+            raise ExtractorError('The fetched token is already expired')
+
+        return self._jwt
+
    def _real_extract(self, url):
        video_id = self._match_id(url)
        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)

-        try:
-            video_json = self._html_search_regex(
-                r'class="auc-video-data">(\{.*?\})', webpage, 'json')
-        except ExtractorError:
-            raise ExtractorError('This post doesn\'t contain a video', expected=True)
+        videos = self._download_json(
+            'https://amp-api.music.apple.com/v1/catalog/us/uploaded-videos',
+            video_id, headers={
+                'Authorization': f'Bearer {self._get_token(webpage, video_id)}',
+                'Origin': self._BASE_URL,
+            }, query={'ids': video_id, 'l': 'en-US'})
+        attributes = traverse_obj(videos, (
+            'data', ..., 'attributes', any, {require('video information')}))

-        video_data = self._parse_json(video_json, video_id)
-        timestamp = str_to_int(self._html_search_regex(r'data-timestamp="(\d+)"', webpage, 'timestamp'))
-        like_count = str_to_int(self._html_search_regex(r'(\d+) Loves', webpage, 'like count', default=None))
+        formats = []
+        quality = qualities(list(self._QUALITIES.keys()))
+        for format_id, src_url in traverse_obj(attributes, (
+            'assetTokens', {dict.items}, lambda _, v: url_or_none(v[1]),
+        )):
+            formats.append({
+                'ext': 'm4v',
+                'format_id': format_id,
+                'height': self._QUALITIES.get(format_id),
+                'quality': quality(format_id),
+                'url': src_url,
+                **parse_resolution(update_url(src_url, query=None), lenient=True),
+            })

        return {
            'id': video_id,
-            'url': video_data['sslSrc'],
-            'title': video_data['title'],
-            'description': video_data['description'],
-            'uploader': video_data['artistName'],
-            'thumbnail': video_data['artworkUrl'],
-            'timestamp': timestamp,
-            'like_count': like_count,
+            'formats': formats,
+            'thumbnail': self._html_search_meta(
+                ['og:image', 'og:image:secure_url', 'twitter:image'], webpage),
+            **traverse_obj(attributes, {
+                'title': ('name', {str}),
+                'duration': ('durationInMilliseconds', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}),
+                'upload_date': ('uploadDate', {unified_strdate}),
+                'uploader': (('artistName', 'uploadingArtistName'), {str}, any),
+                'webpage_url': ('postUrl', {url_or_none}),
+            }),
        }
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/archiveorg.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/archiveorg.py
@@ -740,7 +740,7 @@ def _call_cdx_api(self, item_id, url, filters: list | None = None, collapse: lis
            note or 'Downloading CDX API JSON', query=query, fatal=fatal)
        if isinstance(res, list) and len(res) >= 2:
            # format response to make it easier to use
-            return [dict(zip(res[0], v)) for v in res[1:]]
+            return [dict(zip(res[0], v)) for v in res[1:]]  # noqa: B905
        elif not isinstance(res, list) or len(res) != 0:
            self.report_warning('Error while parsing CDX API response' + bug_reports_message())

--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/common.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/common.py
@@ -1663,7 +1663,7 @@ def extract_chapter_information(e):
                'end_time': part.get('endOffset'),
            } for part in variadic(e.get('hasPart') or []) if part.get('@type') == 'Clip']
            for idx, (last_c, current_c, next_c) in enumerate(zip(
-                    [{'end_time': 0}, *chapters], chapters, chapters[1:])):
+                    [{'end_time': 0}, *chapters], chapters, chapters[1:], strict=False)):
                current_c['end_time'] = current_c['end_time'] or next_c['start_time']
                current_c['start_time'] = current_c['start_time'] or last_c['end_time']
                if None in current_c.values():
@@ -1848,7 +1848,7 @@ def _search_nuxt_data(self, webpage, video_id, context_name='__NUXT__', *, fatal
            return {}

        args = dict(zip(arg_keys.split(','), map(json.dumps, self._parse_json(
-            f'[{arg_vals}]', video_id, transform_source=js_to_json, fatal=fatal) or ())))
+            f'[{arg_vals}]', video_id, transform_source=js_to_json, fatal=fatal) or ()), strict=True))

        ret = self._parse_json(js, video_id, transform_source=functools.partial(js_to_json, vars=args), fatal=fatal)
        return traverse_obj(ret, traverse) or {}
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/dtube.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/dtube.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 import json
-import socket

 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..utils import (
@@ -56,7 +55,7 @@ def canonical_url(h):
            try:
                self.to_screen(f'{video_id}: Checking {format_id} video format URL')
                self._downloader._opener.open(video_url, timeout=5).close()
-            except socket.timeout:
+            except TimeoutError:
                self.to_screen(
                    f'{video_id}: {format_id} URL is invalid, skipping')
                continue
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/fujitv.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/fujitv.py
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
            fmt, subs = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(src['url'], video_id, 'ts')
            for f in fmt:
                f.update(dict(zip(('height', 'width'),
-                                  self._BITRATE_MAP.get(f.get('tbr'), ()))))
+                                  self._BITRATE_MAP.get(f.get('tbr'), ()), strict=False)))
            formats.extend(fmt)
            subtitles = self._merge_subtitles(subtitles, subs)

--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/idagio.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/idagio.py
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@


 class IdagioTrackIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?app\.idagio\.com/recordings/\d+\?(?:[^#]+&)?trackId=(?P<id>\d+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?app\.idagio\.com(?:/[a-z]{2})?/recordings/\d+\?(?:[^#]+&)?trackId=(?P<id>\d+)'
    _TESTS = [{
        'url': 'https://app.idagio.com/recordings/30576934?trackId=30576943',
        'md5': '15148bd71804b2450a2508931a116b56',
@@ -29,12 +29,14 @@ class IdagioTrackIE(InfoExtractor):
            'title': 'I. Adagio sostenuto',
            'duration': 316,
            'composers': ['Ludwig van Beethoven'],
-            'artists': [],
            'genres': ['Keyboard', 'Sonata (Keyboard)'],
            'track': 'I. Adagio sostenuto',
            'timestamp': 1518076337,
            'upload_date': '20180208',
        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://app.idagio.com/de/recordings/20514467?trackId=20514478&utm_source=pcl',
+        'only_matching': True,
    }]

    def _real_extract(self, url):
@@ -97,7 +99,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):


 class IdagioRecordingIE(IdagioPlaylistBaseIE):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?app\.idagio\.com/recordings/(?P<id>\d+)(?![^#]*[&?]trackId=\d+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?app\.idagio\.com(?:/[a-z]{2})?/recordings/(?P<id>\d+)(?![^#]*[&?]trackId=\d+)'
    _TESTS = [{
        'url': 'https://app.idagio.com/recordings/30576934',
        'info_dict': {
@@ -112,6 +114,19 @@ class IdagioRecordingIE(IdagioPlaylistBaseIE):
            'upload_date': '20190405',
        },
        'playlist_count': 15,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://app.idagio.com/de/recordings/20514467',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '20514467',
+            'title': 'Sonata for Piano No. 14 in C sharp minor op. 27/2',
+            'composers': ['Ludwig van Beethoven'],
+            'genres': ['Keyboard', 'Sonata (Keyboard)'],
+            'timestamp': 1518076337,
+            'upload_date': '20180208',
+            'modified_timestamp': 1518076337,
+            'modified_date': '20180208',
+        },
+        'playlist_count': 3,
    }]
    _API_URL_TMPL = 'https://api.idagio.com/v2.0/metadata/recordings/{}'

@@ -129,7 +144,7 @@ def _parse_playlist_metadata(self, playlist_info):


 class IdagioAlbumIE(IdagioPlaylistBaseIE):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?app\.idagio\.com/albums/(?P<id>[\w-]+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?app\.idagio\.com(?:/[a-z]{2})?/albums/(?P<id>[\w-]+)'
    _TESTS = [{
        'url': 'https://app.idagio.com/albums/elgar-enigma-variations-in-the-south-serenade-for-strings',
        'info_dict': {
@@ -137,7 +152,7 @@ class IdagioAlbumIE(IdagioPlaylistBaseIE):
            'display_id': 'elgar-enigma-variations-in-the-south-serenade-for-strings',
            'title': 'Elgar: Enigma Variations, In the South, Serenade for Strings',
            'description': '',
-            'thumbnail': 'https://idagio-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/albums/880040420521/main.jpg',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://.+/albums/880040420521/main\.jpg',
            'artists': ['Vasily Petrenko', 'Royal Liverpool Philharmonic Orchestra', 'Edward Elgar'],
            'timestamp': 1553817600,
            'upload_date': '20190329',
@@ -146,19 +161,19 @@ class IdagioAlbumIE(IdagioPlaylistBaseIE):
        },
        'playlist_count': 19,
    }, {
-        'url': 'https://app.idagio.com/albums/brahms-ein-deutsches-requiem-3B403DF6-62D7-4A42-807B-47173F3E0192',
+        'url': 'https://app.idagio.com/de/albums/brahms-ein-deutsches-requiem-3B403DF6-62D7-4A42-807B-47173F3E0192',
        'info_dict': {
            'id': '2862ad4e-4a61-45ad-9ce4-7fcf0c2626fe',
            'display_id': 'brahms-ein-deutsches-requiem-3B403DF6-62D7-4A42-807B-47173F3E0192',
            'title': 'Brahms: Ein deutsches Requiem',
-            'description': '',
-            'thumbnail': 'https://idagio-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/albums/3149020954522/main.jpg',
-            'tags': ['recent-release'],
+            'description': 'GRAMOPHONE CLASSICAL MUSIC AWARDS 2025 Recording of the Year & Choral',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://.+/albums/3149020954522/main\.jpg',
            'artists': ['Sabine Devieilhe', 'Stéphane Degout', 'Raphaël Pichon', 'Pygmalion', 'Johannes Brahms'],
            'timestamp': 1760054400,
            'upload_date': '20251010',
-            'modified_timestamp': 1760101611,
-            'modified_date': '20251010',
+            'modified_timestamp': 1760624868,
+            'modified_date': '20251016',
+            'tags': ['recommended', 'recent-release'],
        },
        'playlist_count': 7,
    }]
@@ -179,7 +194,7 @@ def _parse_playlist_metadata(self, playlist_info):


 class IdagioPlaylistIE(IdagioPlaylistBaseIE):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?app\.idagio\.com/playlists/(?!personal/)(?P<id>[\w-]+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?app\.idagio\.com(?:/[a-z]{2})?/playlists/(?!personal/)(?P<id>[\w-]+)'
    _TESTS = [{
        'url': 'https://app.idagio.com/playlists/beethoven-the-most-beautiful-piano-music',
        'info_dict': {
@@ -191,6 +206,17 @@ class IdagioPlaylistIE(IdagioPlaylistBaseIE):
            'creators': ['IDAGIO'],
        },
        'playlist_mincount': 16,  # one entry is geo-restricted
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://app.idagio.com/de/playlists/piano-music-for-an-autumn-day',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'd70e9c7f-7080-4308-ae0f-f890dddeda82',
+            'display_id': 'piano-music-for-an-autumn-day',
+            'title': 'Piano Music for an Autumn Day',
+            'description': 'Get ready to snuggle up and enjoy all the musical colours of this cosy, autumnal playlist.',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://.+/playlists/d70e9c7f-7080-4308-ae0f-f890dddeda82/main\.jpg',
+            'creators': ['IDAGIO'],
+        },
+        'playlist_count': 35,
    }]
    _API_URL_TMPL = 'https://api.idagio.com/v2.0/playlists/{}'
    _PLAYLIST_ID_KEY = 'display_id'
@@ -206,7 +232,7 @@ def _parse_playlist_metadata(self, playlist_info):


 class IdagioPersonalPlaylistIE(IdagioPlaylistBaseIE):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?app\.idagio\.com/playlists/personal/(?P<id>[\da-f-]+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?app\.idagio\.com(?:/[a-z]{2})?/playlists/personal/(?P<id>[\da-f-]+)'
    _TESTS = [{
        'url': 'https://app.idagio.com/playlists/personal/99dad72e-7b3a-45a4-b216-867c08046ed8',
        'info_dict': {
@@ -220,6 +246,9 @@ class IdagioPersonalPlaylistIE(IdagioPlaylistBaseIE):
            'modified_date': '20250819',
        },
        'playlist_count': 100,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://app.idagio.com/de/playlists/personal/99dad72e-7b3a-45a4-b216-867c08046ed8',
+        'only_matching': True,
    }]
    _API_URL_TMPL = 'https://api.idagio.com/v1.0/personal-playlists/{}'

--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/kaltura.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/kaltura.py
@@ -437,7 +437,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                params = urllib.parse.parse_qs(query)
            if path:
                splitted_path = path.split('/')
-                params.update(dict(zip(splitted_path[::2], [[v] for v in splitted_path[1::2]])))
+                params.update(dict(zip(splitted_path[::2], [[v] for v in splitted_path[1::2]])))  # noqa: B905
            if 'wid' in params:
                partner_id = remove_start(params['wid'][0], '_')
            elif 'p' in params:
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/lynda.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/lynda.py
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import itertools
 import re
 import urllib.parse

@@ -216,7 +217,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
    def _fix_subtitles(self, subs):
        srt = ''
        seq_counter = 0
-        for seq_current, seq_next in zip(subs, subs[1:]):
+        for seq_current, seq_next in itertools.pairwise(subs):
            m_current = re.match(self._TIMECODE_REGEX, seq_current['Timecode'])
            if m_current is None:
                continue
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/mojevideo.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/mojevideo.py
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
            contains_pattern=r'\[(?s:.+)\]', transform_source=js_to_json)

        formats = []
-        for video_hash, (suffix, quality, format_note) in zip(video_hashes, [
+        for video_hash, (suffix, quality, format_note) in zip(video_hashes, [  # noqa: B905
            ('', 1, 'normálna kvalita'),
            ('_lq', 0, 'nízka kvalita'),
            ('_hd', 2, 'HD-720p'),
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/nhk.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/nhk.py
@@ -503,7 +503,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                'start_time': s,
                'end_time': e,
                'title': t,
-            } for s, e, t in zip(start_time, end_time, chapter_titles)]
+            } for s, e, t in zip(start_time, end_time, chapter_titles, strict=True)]

        return {
            'id': video_id,
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/pbs.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/pbs.py
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ class PBSIE(InfoExtractor):
    )

    IE_NAME = 'pbs'
-    IE_DESC = 'Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) and member stations: {}'.format(', '.join(list(zip(*_STATIONS))[1]))
+    IE_DESC = 'Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) and member stations: {}'.format(', '.join(list(zip(*_STATIONS, strict=True))[1]))

    _VALID_URL = r'''(?x)https?://
        (?:
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ class PBSIE(InfoExtractor):
              (?:[^/?#]+/){{1,5}}(?P<presumptive_id>[^/?#]+?)(?:\.html)?/?(?:$|[?#])
            )
        )
-    '''.format('|'.join(next(zip(*_STATIONS))))
+    '''.format('|'.join(next(zip(*_STATIONS, strict=True))))

    _GEO_COUNTRIES = ['US']

--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/polskieradio.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/polskieradio.py
@@ -405,7 +405,7 @@ def _entries(self, url, page, category_id):
                tab_content = self._download_json(
                    'https://www.polskieradio.pl/CMS/TemplateBoxesManagement/TemplateBoxTabContent.aspx/GetTabContent',
                    category_id, f'Downloading page {page_num}', headers={'content-type': 'application/json'},
-                    data=json.dumps(dict(zip((
+                    data=json.dumps(dict(zip((  # noqa: B905
                        'boxInstanceId', 'tabId', 'categoryType', 'sectionId', 'categoryId', 'pagerMode',
                        'subjectIds', 'tagIndexId', 'queryString', 'name', 'openArticlesInParentTemplate',
                        'idSectionFromUrl', 'maxDocumentAge', 'showCategoryForArticle', 'pageNumber',
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/pr0gramm.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/pr0gramm.py
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
        # Sorted by "confidence", higher confidence = earlier in list
        confidences = traverse_obj(metadata, ('tags', ..., 'confidence', ({int}, {float})))
        if confidences:
-            tags = [tag for _, tag in sorted(zip(confidences, tags), reverse=True)]
+            tags = [tag for _, tag in sorted(zip(confidences, tags), reverse=True)]  # noqa: B905

        formats = traverse_obj(video_info, ('variants', ..., {
            'format_id': ('name', {str}),
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/tiktok.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/tiktok.py
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ def _get_next_app_info(self):
            }
            self._APP_INFO_POOL = [
                {**defaults, **dict(
-                    (k, v) for k, v in zip(self._APP_INFO_DEFAULTS, app_info.split('/')) if v
+                    (k, v) for k, v in zip(self._APP_INFO_DEFAULTS, app_info.split('/'), strict=False) if v
                )} for app_info in self._KNOWN_APP_INFO
            ]

--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/tvnoe.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/tvnoe.py
@@ -1,46 +1,82 @@
+import re
+
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..utils import (
    clean_html,
-    get_element_by_class,
+    extract_attributes,
    js_to_json,
+    mimetype2ext,
+    unified_strdate,
+    url_or_none,
+    urljoin,
 )
+from ..utils.traversal import find_element, traverse_obj


 class TVNoeIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _WORKING = False
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?tvnoe\.cz/video/(?P<id>[0-9]+)'
-    _TEST = {
-        'url': 'http://www.tvnoe.cz/video/10362',
-        'md5': 'aee983f279aab96ec45ab6e2abb3c2ca',
+    IE_NAME = 'tvnoe'
+    IE_DESC = 'Televize Noe'
+
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?tvnoe\.cz/porad/(?P<id>[\w-]+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.tvnoe.cz/porad/43216-outdoor-films-s-mudr-tomasem-kempnym-pomahat-potrebnym-nejen-u-nas',
        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '10362',
+            'id': '43216-outdoor-films-s-mudr-tomasem-kempnym-pomahat-potrebnym-nejen-u-nas',
            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'series': 'Noční univerzita',
-            'title': 'prof. Tomáš Halík, Th.D. - Návrat náboženství a střet civilizací',
-            'description': 'md5:f337bae384e1a531a52c55ebc50fff41',
+            'title': 'Pomáhat potřebným nejen u nás',
+            'description': 'md5:78b538ee32f7e881ec23b9c278a0ff3a',
+            'release_date': '20250531',
+            'series': 'Outdoor Films s MUDr. Tomášem Kempným',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://www\.tvnoe\.cz/.+\.jpg',
        },
-    }
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.tvnoe.cz/porad/43205-zamysleni-tomase-halika-7-nedele-velikonocni',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '43205-zamysleni-tomase-halika-7-nedele-velikonocni',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': '7. neděle velikonoční',
+            'description': 'md5:6bb9908efc59abe60e1c8c7c0e9bb6cd',
+            'release_date': '20250531',
+            'series': 'Zamyšlení Tomáše Halíka',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://www\.tvnoe\.cz/.+\.jpg',
+        },
+    }]

    def _real_extract(self, url):
        video_id = self._match_id(url)
        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
+        player = self._search_json(
+            r'var\s+INIT_PLAYER\s*=', webpage, 'init player',
+            video_id, transform_source=js_to_json)

-        iframe_url = self._search_regex(
-            r'<iframe[^>]+src="([^"]+)"', webpage, 'iframe URL')
+        formats = []
+        for source in traverse_obj(player, ('tracks', ..., lambda _, v: url_or_none(v['src']))):
+            src_url = source['src']
+            ext = mimetype2ext(source.get('type'))
+            if ext == 'm3u8':
+                fmts = self._extract_m3u8_formats(
+                    src_url, video_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id='hls', fatal=False)
+            elif ext == 'mpd':
+                fmts = self._extract_mpd_formats(
+                    src_url, video_id, mpd_id='dash', fatal=False)
+            else:
+                self.report_warning(f'Unsupported stream type: {ext}')
+                continue
+            formats.extend(fmts)

-        ifs_page = self._download_webpage(iframe_url, video_id)
-        jwplayer_data = self._find_jwplayer_data(
-            ifs_page, video_id, transform_source=js_to_json)
-        info_dict = self._parse_jwplayer_data(
-            jwplayer_data, video_id, require_title=False, base_url=iframe_url)
-
-        info_dict.update({
+        return {
            'id': video_id,
-            'title': clean_html(get_element_by_class(
-                'field-name-field-podnazev', webpage)),
-            'description': clean_html(get_element_by_class(
-                'field-name-body', webpage)),
-            'series': clean_html(get_element_by_class('title', webpage)),
-        })
-
-        return info_dict
+            'description': clean_html(self._search_regex(
+                r'<p\s+class="">(.+?)</p>', webpage, 'description', default=None)),
+            'formats': formats,
+            **traverse_obj(webpage, {
+                'title': ({find_element(tag='h2')}, {clean_html}),
+                'release_date': (
+                    {clean_html}, {re.compile(r'Premiéra:\s*(\d{1,2}\.\d{1,2}\.\d{4})').findall},
+                    ..., {str}, {unified_strdate}, any),
+                'series': ({find_element(tag='h1')}, {clean_html}),
+                'thumbnail': (
+                    {find_element(id='player-live', html=True)}, {extract_attributes},
+                    'poster', {urljoin('https://www.tvnoe.cz/')}),
+            }),
+        }
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube/_base.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube/_base.py
@@ -220,6 +220,20 @@ class SubsPoTokenPolicy(BasePoTokenPolicy):
        },
        'PLAYER_PO_TOKEN_POLICY': PlayerPoTokenPolicy(required=False, recommended=True),
    },
+    # Doesn't require a PoToken for some reason
+    'android_sdkless': {
+        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
+            'client': {
+                'clientName': 'ANDROID',
+                'clientVersion': '20.10.38',
+                'userAgent': 'com.google.android.youtube/20.10.38 (Linux; U; Android 11) gzip',
+                'osName': 'Android',
+                'osVersion': '11',
+            },
+        },
+        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 3,
+        'REQUIRE_JS_PLAYER': False,
+    },
    # YouTube Kids videos aren't returned on this client for some reason
    'android_vr': {
        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube/_video.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube/_video.py
@@ -257,10 +257,10 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
        '401': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 2160, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'av01.0.12M.08'},
    }
    _SUBTITLE_FORMATS = ('json3', 'srv1', 'srv2', 'srv3', 'ttml', 'srt', 'vtt')
-    _DEFAULT_CLIENTS = ('tv', 'web_safari', 'web')
+    _DEFAULT_CLIENTS = ('android_sdkless', 'tv', 'web_safari', 'web')
    _DEFAULT_AUTHED_CLIENTS = ('tv', 'web_safari', 'web')
    # Premium does not require POT (except for subtitles)
-    _DEFAULT_PREMIUM_CLIENTS = ('tv', 'web_creator', 'web')
+    _DEFAULT_PREMIUM_CLIENTS = ('tv', 'web_creator', 'web_safari', 'web')

    _GEO_BYPASS = False

@@ -1815,7 +1815,7 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
        'params': {'skip_download': True},
    }]

-    _DEFAULT_PLAYER_JS_VERSION = '20348@0004de42'  # TODO: revert to 'actual' when n/sig is fixed
+    _DEFAULT_PLAYER_JS_VERSION = 'actual'
    _DEFAULT_PLAYER_JS_VARIANT = 'main'
    _PLAYER_JS_VARIANT_MAP = {
        'main': 'player_ias.vflset/en_US/base.js',
--- a/yt_dlp/jsinterp.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/jsinterp.py
@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ def js_number_to_string(val: float, radix: int = 10):
 _COMP_OPERATORS = {'===', '!==', '==', '!=', '<=', '>=', '<', '>'}

 _NAME_RE = r'[a-zA-Z_$][\w$]*'
-_MATCHING_PARENS = dict(zip(*zip('()', '{}', '[]')))
+_MATCHING_PARENS = dict(zip(*zip('()', '{}', '[]', strict=True), strict=True))
 _QUOTES = '\'"/'
 _NESTED_BRACKETS = r'[^[\]]+(?:\[[^[\]]+(?:\[[^\]]+\])?\])?'

--- a/yt_dlp/networking/_requests.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/networking/_requests.py
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 import http.client
 import logging
 import re
-import socket
 import warnings

 from ..dependencies import brotli, requests, urllib3
@@ -125,7 +124,7 @@ def read(self, amt: int | None = None):
            # Work around issue with `.read(amt)` then `.read()`
            # See: https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/3636
            if amt is None:
-                # Python 3.9 preallocates the whole read buffer, read in chunks
+                # compat: py3.9: Python 3.9 preallocates the whole read buffer, read in chunks
                read_chunk = functools.partial(self.fp.read, 1 << 20, decode_content=True)
                return b''.join(iter(read_chunk, b''))
            # Interact with urllib3 response directly.
@@ -378,7 +377,7 @@ def _new_conn(self):
                source_address=self.source_address,
                _create_socket_func=functools.partial(
                    create_socks_proxy_socket, (self.host, self.port), self._proxy_args))
-        except (socket.timeout, TimeoutError) as e:
+        except TimeoutError as e:
            raise urllib3.exceptions.ConnectTimeoutError(
                self, f'Connection to {self.host} timed out. (connect timeout={self.timeout})') from e
        except SocksProxyError as e:
--- a/yt_dlp/networking/common.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/networking/common.py
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 from collections.abc import Iterable, Mapping
 from email.message import Message
 from http import HTTPStatus
+from types import NoneType

 from ._helper import make_ssl_context, wrap_request_errors
 from .exceptions import (
@@ -20,7 +21,6 @@
    TransportError,
    UnsupportedRequest,
 )
-from ..compat.types import NoneType
 from ..cookies import YoutubeDLCookieJar
 from ..utils import (
    bug_reports_message,
--- a/yt_dlp/networking/impersonate.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/networking/impersonate.py
@@ -3,11 +3,11 @@
 import re
 from abc import ABC
 from dataclasses import dataclass
+from types import NoneType
 from typing import Any

 from .common import RequestHandler, register_preference, Request
 from .exceptions import UnsupportedRequest
-from ..compat.types import NoneType
 from ..utils import classproperty, join_nonempty
 from ..utils.networking import std_headers, HTTPHeaderDict

--- a/yt_dlp/plugins.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/plugins.py
@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@
 import pkgutil
 import sys
 import traceback
-import zipimport
 from pathlib import Path
 from zipfile import ZipFile

@@ -202,16 +201,10 @@ def load_plugins(plugin_spec: PluginSpec):
        if any(x.startswith('_') for x in module_name.split('.')):
            continue
        try:
-            if sys.version_info < (3, 10) and isinstance(finder, zipimport.zipimporter):
-                # zipimporter.load_module() is deprecated in 3.10 and removed in 3.12
-                # The exec_module branch below is the replacement for >= 3.10
-                # See: https://docs.python.org/3/library/zipimport.html#zipimport.zipimporter.exec_module
-                module = finder.load_module(module_name)
-            else:
-                spec = finder.find_spec(module_name)
-                module = importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec)
-                sys.modules[module_name] = module
-                spec.loader.exec_module(module)
+            spec = finder.find_spec(module_name)
+            module = importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec)
+            sys.modules[module_name] = module
+            spec.loader.exec_module(module)
        except Exception:
            write_string(
                f'Error while importing module {module_name!r}\n{traceback.format_exc(limit=-1)}',
--- a/yt_dlp/postprocessor/ffmpeg.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/postprocessor/ffmpeg.py
@@ -418,7 +418,7 @@ def _concat_spec(cls, in_files, concat_opts=None):
        if concat_opts is None:
            concat_opts = [{}] * len(in_files)
        yield 'ffconcat version 1.0\n'
-        for file, opts in zip(in_files, concat_opts):
+        for file, opts in zip(in_files, concat_opts, strict=True):
            yield f'file {cls._quote_for_ffmpeg(cls._ffmpeg_filename_argument(file))}\n'
            # Iterate explicitly to yield the following directives in order, ignoring the rest.
            for directive in 'inpoint', 'outpoint', 'duration':
@@ -639,7 +639,7 @@ def run(self, info):
            # postprocessor a second time
            '-map', '-0:s',
        ]
-        for i, (lang, name) in enumerate(zip(sub_langs, sub_names)):
+        for i, (lang, name) in enumerate(zip(sub_langs, sub_names, strict=True)):
            opts.extend(['-map', f'{i + 1}:0'])
            lang_code = ISO639Utils.short2long(lang) or lang
            opts.extend([f'-metadata:s:s:{i}', f'language={lang_code}'])
--- a/yt_dlp/update.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/update.py
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ def _get_binary_name():


 def _get_system_deprecation():
-    MIN_SUPPORTED, MIN_RECOMMENDED = (3, 9), (3, 10)
+    MIN_SUPPORTED, MIN_RECOMMENDED = (3, 10), (3, 10)

    if sys.version_info > MIN_RECOMMENDED:
        return None
@@ -559,11 +559,9 @@ def filename(self):
    @functools.cached_property
    def cmd(self):
        """The command-line to run the executable, if known"""
-        argv = None
-        # There is no sys.orig_argv in py < 3.10. Also, it can be [] when frozen
-        if getattr(sys, 'orig_argv', None):
-            argv = sys.orig_argv
-        elif getattr(sys, 'frozen', False):
+        argv = sys.orig_argv
+        # sys.orig_argv can be [] when frozen
+        if not argv and getattr(sys, 'frozen', False):
            argv = sys.argv
        # linux_static exe's argv[0] will be /tmp/staticx-NNNN/yt-dlp_linux if we don't fixup here
        if argv and os.getenv('STATICX_PROG_PATH'):
@@ -572,7 +570,7 @@ def cmd(self):

    def restart(self):
        """Restart the executable"""
-        assert self.cmd, 'Must be frozen or Py >= 3.10'
+        assert self.cmd, 'Unable to determine argv'
        self.ydl.write_debug(f'Restarting: {shell_quote(self.cmd)}')
        _, _, returncode = Popen.run(self.cmd)
        return returncode
--- a/yt_dlp/utils/_legacy.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/utils/_legacy.py
@@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
 """No longer used and new code should not use. Exists only for API compat."""
-import asyncio
-import atexit
 import platform
 import struct
 import sys
@@ -34,77 +32,6 @@
 has_websockets = bool(websockets)


-class WebSocketsWrapper:
-    """Wraps websockets module to use in non-async scopes"""
-    pool = None
-
-    def __init__(self, url, headers=None, connect=True, **ws_kwargs):
-        self.loop = asyncio.new_event_loop()
-        # XXX: "loop" is deprecated
-        self.conn = websockets.connect(
-            url, extra_headers=headers, ping_interval=None,
-            close_timeout=float('inf'), loop=self.loop, ping_timeout=float('inf'), **ws_kwargs)
-        if connect:
-            self.__enter__()
-        atexit.register(self.__exit__, None, None, None)
-
-    def __enter__(self):
-        if not self.pool:
-            self.pool = self.run_with_loop(self.conn.__aenter__(), self.loop)
-        return self
-
-    def send(self, *args):
-        self.run_with_loop(self.pool.send(*args), self.loop)
-
-    def recv(self, *args):
-        return self.run_with_loop(self.pool.recv(*args), self.loop)
-
-    def __exit__(self, type, value, traceback):
-        try:
-            return self.run_with_loop(self.conn.__aexit__(type, value, traceback), self.loop)
-        finally:
-            self.loop.close()
-            self._cancel_all_tasks(self.loop)
-
-    # taken from https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/3.9/Lib/asyncio/runners.py with modifications
-    # for contributors: If there's any new library using asyncio needs to be run in non-async, move these function out of this class
-    @staticmethod
-    def run_with_loop(main, loop):
-        if not asyncio.iscoroutine(main):
-            raise ValueError(f'a coroutine was expected, got {main!r}')
-
-        try:
-            return loop.run_until_complete(main)
-        finally:
-            loop.run_until_complete(loop.shutdown_asyncgens())
-            if hasattr(loop, 'shutdown_default_executor'):
-                loop.run_until_complete(loop.shutdown_default_executor())
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def _cancel_all_tasks(loop):
-        to_cancel = asyncio.all_tasks(loop)
-
-        if not to_cancel:
-            return
-
-        for task in to_cancel:
-            task.cancel()
-
-        # XXX: "loop" is removed in Python 3.10+
-        loop.run_until_complete(
-            asyncio.gather(*to_cancel, loop=loop, return_exceptions=True))
-
-        for task in to_cancel:
-            if task.cancelled():
-                continue
-            if task.exception() is not None:
-                loop.call_exception_handler({
-                    'message': 'unhandled exception during asyncio.run() shutdown',
-                    'exception': task.exception(),
-                    'task': task,
-                })
-
-
 def load_plugins(name, suffix, namespace):
    from ..plugins import load_plugins
    ret = load_plugins(name, suffix)
--- a/yt_dlp/utils/_utils.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/utils/_utils.py
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ def IDENTITY(x):
 # needed for sanitizing filenames in restricted mode
 ACCENT_CHARS = dict(zip('ÂÃÄÀÁÅÆÇÈÉÊËÌÍÎÏÐÑÒÓÔÕÖŐØŒÙÚÛÜŰÝÞßàáâãäåæçèéêëìíîïðñòóôõöőøœùúûüűýþÿ',
                        itertools.chain('AAAAAA', ['AE'], 'CEEEEIIIIDNOOOOOOO', ['OE'], 'UUUUUY', ['TH', 'ss'],
-                                        'aaaaaa', ['ae'], 'ceeeeiiiionooooooo', ['oe'], 'uuuuuy', ['th'], 'y')))
+                                        'aaaaaa', ['ae'], 'ceeeeiiiionooooooo', ['oe'], 'uuuuuy', ['th'], 'y'), strict=True))

 DATE_FORMATS = (
    '%d %B %Y',
@@ -2415,7 +2415,7 @@ def __init__(self, ydl, info_dict):
        if self.is_incomplete:
            assert self.is_exhausted
            self._entries = [self.MissingEntry] * max(requested_entries or [0])
-            for i, entry in zip(requested_entries, entries):
+            for i, entry in zip(requested_entries, entries):  # noqa: B905
                self._entries[i - 1] = entry
        elif isinstance(entries, (list, PagedList, LazyList)):
            self._entries = entries
@@ -3184,7 +3184,7 @@ def width(string):
        return len(remove_terminal_sequences(string).replace('\t', ''))

    def get_max_lens(table):
-        return [max(width(str(v)) for v in col) for col in zip(*table)]
+        return [max(width(str(v)) for v in col) for col in zip(*table, strict=True)]

    def filter_using_list(row, filter_array):
        return [col for take, col in itertools.zip_longest(filter_array, row, fillvalue=True) if take]
@@ -3540,7 +3540,7 @@ def parse_node(node):
            continue
        default_style.update(style)

-    for para, index in zip(paras, itertools.count(1)):
+    for para, index in zip(paras, itertools.count(1), strict=False):
        begin_time = parse_dfxp_time_expr(para.attrib.get('begin'))
        end_time = parse_dfxp_time_expr(para.attrib.get('end'))
        dur = parse_dfxp_time_expr(para.attrib.get('dur'))
@@ -4854,7 +4854,7 @@ def scale_thumbnails_to_max_format_width(formats, thumbnails, url_width_re):
    return [
        merge_dicts(
            {'url': re.sub(url_width_re, str(max_dimensions[0]), thumbnail['url'])},
-            dict(zip(_keys, max_dimensions)), thumbnail)
+            dict(zip(_keys, max_dimensions, strict=True)), thumbnail)
        for thumbnail in thumbnails
    ]

--- a/yt_dlp/utils/jslib/devalue.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/utils/jslib/devalue.py
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ def parse_iter(parsed: typing.Any, /, *, revivers: dict[str, collections.abc.Cal

                elif value[0] == 'Map':
                    result = []
-                    for key, new_source in zip(*(iter(value[1:]),) * 2):
+                    for key, new_source in zip(*(iter(value[1:]),) * 2, strict=True):
                        pair = [None, None]
                        stack.append((pair, 0, key))
                        stack.append((pair, 1, new_source))
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ def parse_iter(parsed: typing.Any, /, *, revivers: dict[str, collections.abc.Cal

                elif value[0] == 'null':
                    result = {}
-                    for key, new_source in zip(*(iter(value[1:]),) * 2):
+                    for key, new_source in zip(*(iter(value[1:]),) * 2, strict=True):
                        stack.append((result, key, new_source))

                elif value[0] in _ARRAY_TYPE_LOOKUP:
--- a/yt_dlp/version.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/version.py
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 # Autogenerated by devscripts/update-version.py

-__version__ = '2025.10.14'
+__version__ = '2025.10.22'

-RELEASE_GIT_HEAD = 'a98e7f9f58a9492d2cb216baa59c890ed8ce02f3'
+RELEASE_GIT_HEAD = 'c9356f308dd3c5f9f494cb40ed14c5df017b4fe0'

 VARIANT = None

@@ -12,4 +12,4 @@

 ORIGIN = 'yt-dlp/yt-dlp'

-_pkg_version = '2025.10.14'
+_pkg_version = '2025.10.22'
--- a/yt_dlp/webvtt.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/webvtt.py
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ def _parse_ts(ts):
    into an MPEG PES timestamp: a tick counter at 90 kHz resolution.
    """
    return 90 * sum(
-        int(part or 0) * mult for part, mult in zip(ts.groups(), (3600_000, 60_000, 1000, 1)))
+        int(part or 0) * mult for part, mult in zip(ts.groups(), (3600_000, 60_000, 1000, 1), strict=True))


 def _format_ts(ts):
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
github-actions[bot]	a75399d89f	Release 2025.10.22 Created by: bashonly :ci skip all	2025-10-22 19:42:16 +00:00
Robin	c9356f308d	[ie/idagio] Support URLs with country codes (#14655 ) Authored by: robin-mu	2025-10-22 19:33:43 +00:00
bashonly	de7b3c0705	[cleanup] Misc (#14701 ) Authored by: bashonly	2025-10-22 19:25:35 +00:00
gamer191	2c9091e355	[ie/youtube] Use temporary player client workaround (#14693 ) Closes #14680 Authored by: gamer191	2025-10-22 19:08:06 +00:00
sepro	dfc0a84c19	[docs] Update list of maintainers (#14148 ) Authored by: seproDev, bashonly, coletdjnz Co-authored-by: bashonly <88596187+bashonly@users.noreply.github.com> Co-authored-by: coletdjnz <coletdjnz@protonmail.com>	2025-10-18 23:07:21 +02:00
doe1080	fe5ae54a7b	[ie/tvnoe] Rework Extractor (#13369 ) Authored by: doe1080	2025-10-15 22:00:20 +02:00
doe1080	78748b506f	[ie/appleconnect] Rework extractor (#13229 ) Authored by: doe1080	2025-10-15 20:42:15 +02:00
sepro	c7bda2192a	[cleanup] Misc (#14594 ) Authored by: seproDev, bashonly Co-authored-by: bashonly <88596187+bashonly@users.noreply.github.com>	2025-10-15 11:16:50 +00:00
bashonly	4e6a693057	Remove Python 3.9 support (#13861 ) Closes #13858 Authored by: bashonly	2025-10-15 10:25:21 +00:00